====== Afghanistan ======

==== ASM Population: 80,000 ====
Estimations from own field work (2008-2016) appear to be the most recent data: **-> 80,000**.\\
Min/max: +/-10% apprears reasonable, i.e.** +/- 10,000**.\\
Female participation is most likely to be none:** 0**\\
Gold: **5,000** according to 2016 estimation

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2021: 50,000 ===
(AFG-2021a): "In 2012, the Afghan government estimated that 50,000 people were engaged directly in ASM and 450,000 were indirectly dependent on the ASM sector (Hart Group 2016)."\\
See also: Delve Country Profile Afghanistan https://delvedatabase.org/resources/delve-country-profile-afghanistan

===2018: 80,000 ===
(ARM-18), Table Annex 3: 80,000 \\
(IGF-18), Data in Annex: 80,000

===2016: 80,000 ===
Estimation from in-country work by Felix Hruschka, 2008-2016: **80,000** \\
First published at artisanalmining.org \\

15,000 Gemstone (Emerald, Lapis) / Source: own estimation from GEM-ASM project \\
25,000 Semi-precious stones in Nangarhar province (Jalalabad) / Source: credible personal communications \\
5,000 Gold / Source: own estimation from GEM-ASM project \\
10,000 Coal / Source: own estimation from NCE project \\
20,000 Marbel & construction materials / Source: own estimation from GEM-ASM project \\
5,000 Other commodities	(e.g. Chrome, etc.) / Source: own estimation from CBAGS project \\

==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = Afghanistan
----

==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD89387C34A53D4CA \\
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Articles: \\
2014: http://mines.pajhwok.com/news/workers-training-reduces-human-losses-grows-production \\
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==== Data section ====