Liberia
ASM Population: 200,000
(LBR-2021a) is the most recent publication, but draws mainly on data from 2015. The quoted LEITI report indicates 100,000 miners + 500,000 diggers. As diggers might be part-time, a reasonable estimate appreas to be → 200,000
Min/max: Minimum is 100,000 as indicated for “miners”. Max could go into 300,000. Uncertainty is high. → 100,000 - 300,000
Female participation: 10-20% back in 2010 (quoted in LBR-2021a) 15% of 200,000 → 30,000
Gold: best reasonable guess is 50% of ASM workforce → 100,000
Data sources for estimation
2021: 100,000 - 600,000
(LBR-2021a):
In Liberia, it is estimated that approximately 30,000-100,000 people are engaged in ASM activities (Boakye et al 2012; MLME 2009 and PRS 2008 cited by Hinton 2010, LEITI 2015), of which about 10-20% are women (Hinton 2010 cited by Eftimie et al. 2012). However, this figure is considered an underestimate given the informal nature of ASM. 787,500 (and perhaps as many as 1.575 million) individuals are estimated to depend in some way on the sector for at least part of their cash income (LEITI 2015), a significant portion of whom are foreign nationals. Liberia Extractive Industries Transparency Initiatives’ (LEITI) 2015 scoping study of the mining sector estimates “approximately **100,000** artisanal and small-scale miners and up to **500,000** diggers in Liberia” citing USAID’s Governance Economic and Management Assistance Program as the source (LEITI 2015, 16). There does not exist a specific estimate to the total number of women working in the artisanal mining sector in Liberia. The single estimate on the portion of women involved in the sector comes from a 2012 study that states 10-20% of the estimated 50,000-75,000 artisanal diamond miners are women (Hinton 2010 cited by Eftimie et al. 2012, 4). Women are also noted to participate in the artisanal gold sector most commonly as panners but estimates to the proportion of the sector women makeup are not available.
2018: 100,000
(ARM-18), Table Annex 3: 100,000
Quoting Small (2012): https://www.levinsources.com/assets/pages/ASM-Liberia-Final.pdf
2018: 100,000
(IGF-18): Table 3
Directly working in ASM: 100,000 Estimated number of dependants: 600,000 Main Minerals: Gold, Diamonds
2016: 100,000
(HIL-16): Directly working in ASM: 100,000
Estimated number of dependants: 600,000
2014: 146,000
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 146,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 1.9 t/a
Publications
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LBR-2021a | 2021 | Ndagano, P., Schneck, N., Ghate S. (2021): Liberia Artisanal and small-scale sector. Delve Country Profile. World Bank, Pact, Washinhton | lbr-2021a.pdf | delvedatabase.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| HIL-16 | 2016 | Hilson, G. (2016): Artisanal and small-scale mining and agriculture: Exploring their links in rural sub-Saharan Africa. IIED, London. | hil-16.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| GMA-18 | 2018 | UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva. | gma-18.pdf | wedocs.unep.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
Further Materials
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okjEYIJYovg&list=PLW0k64ZQOWlpUGOl6RBEOnBbD_Tye3e4g
Articles:
Data section
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | LBR |
| Country | Liberia |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2015 |
| Publ. year | 2021 |
| ASM Miners | 200,000 |
| - gold | 100 ,000 |
| Inc. DevMin | no |
| - min. | 100,000 |
| - max. | 300,000 |
| - female | 30 ,000 |
| ASM Commodities | gold, diamonds |