South Africa
ASM Population: 30,000
Total: Latest data (IGF-18 after HIL-16 is 20,000. but it is not clear whether this includes the large number of Zama-Zama miners. A total closer to UBC-14 is considered mor realistic → 30,000.
Min/max: UBC-14 data as max → 20,000 - 37,000
Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis 15% → 3,000
Gold: All data presumably ASGM → 30,000
Data sources for estimation
2018: 20,000
(IGF-18): Table 3
Directly working in ASM: 20,000 Estimated number of dependants: n/a Main Minerals: Gold
2016: 20,000
(HIL-16):
Directly working in ASM: 20,000 Estimated number of dependants: n/a
2014: 37,000
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 37,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 17 t/a
2013: 10,000
(IIED-13): 10,000
2003: 10,000
(MMSD-03): Estimate for MMSD research country: 10,000
MMSD study by B.Drechsler (https://commdev.org/pdf/publications/Small-Scale-Mining-Development-SADC-Region.pdf)
1999: 10,000
(ILO-99): Employment: 10,000
Number of mines: 5,500
Illegal mines: n/a
Publications
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITDG-01 | 2001 | Dreschler, B. (2001): Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region. MMSD, ITDG, London | itdg-01.pdf | commdev.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| IIED-13 | 2013 | Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London. | iied-13.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| HIL-16 | 2016 | Hilson, G. (2016): Artisanal and small-scale mining and agriculture: Exploring their links in rural sub-Saharan Africa. IIED, London. | hil-16.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| MMSD-03 | 2003 | Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003): Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining - Challenges and Opportunities. MMSD (IIED), London. | mmsd-03.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| GMA-18 | 2018 | UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva. | gma-18.pdf | wedocs.unep.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| ILO-99 | 1999 | Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva. | ilo-99.pdf | ilo.org/… |
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
Further Materials
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW0k64ZQOWlqij_WwjZgvl1uCQ4eWKkNw
Articles:
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | ZAF |
| Country | South Africa |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2014 |
| Publ. year | 2018 |
| ASM Miners | 30,000 |
| - gold | 30 ,000 |
| Data curation | extrapolated |
| Inc. DevMin | no |
| - min. | 20,000 |
| - max. | 37,000 |
| - female | 4 ,500 |
| ASM Commodities | gold |