Tanzania
ASM Population: 1,500,000
Total: ASM population of 1.5 million (upper range of estimates) appears reasonable when including development minerals. → 1,500,000
Min/Max: Lower range estimates are 1 million. Upper might exceed the 1.5 million. → 1,000,000 - 1,700,000
Female Participation: 20-30% often mentioned. 25% of 1.5 million =~ 375,000
Gold: Rather in the range of lower estimate (as also UBC-14) → 1,000,000
Data sources for estimation
2020: 1,000,000 - 1,500,000
(TZA-2020a):
quoting earlier data from 2011 and 2015 of 1 - 1.5 million miners Women: "//Between 20-30% of the ASM workforce are women (UN Women 2016)//"
2018: 1,500,000
(IGF-18): Table 3 quoting HIL-16
Directly working in ASM: 1,500,000 Estimated number of dependents: 9,000,000 Main Minerals: Gold
2016: 1,500,000
(HIL-16):
Directly working in ASM: 1,500,000 Estimated number of dependents: 9,000,000
2014: 994,000
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 994,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 2 - 3.5 t/a
2013: 550,000
(IIED-13): 550,000
2003: 550,000
(MMSD-03): Estimate for MMSD research country: 550,000
MMSD study by B.Drechsler (https://commdev.org/pdf/publications/Small-Scale-Mining-Development-SADC-Region.pdf)
1999: 525,000
(ILO-99): Employment: 450,000 - 600,000
Number of mines: 4,000
Illegal mines: 40% -50%
Publications
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITDG-01 | 2001 | Dreschler, B. (2001): Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region. MMSD, ITDG, London | itdg-01.pdf | commdev.org/… |
| TZA-2020a | 2020 | Delve (2020): Delve Country Profile Tanzania. World Bank, Pact, Washington. | tza-2020a.pdf | delvedatabase.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| IIED-13 | 2013 | Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London. | iied-13.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| HIL-16 | 2016 | Hilson, G. (2016): Artisanal and small-scale mining and agriculture: Exploring their links in rural sub-Saharan Africa. IIED, London. | hil-16.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| MMSD-03 | 2003 | Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003): Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining - Challenges and Opportunities. MMSD (IIED), London. | mmsd-03.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| GMA-18 | 2018 | UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva. | gma-18.pdf | wedocs.unep.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| ILO-99 | 1999 | Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva. | ilo-99.pdf | ilo.org/… |
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
Further Materials
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC8B83766124497D8
Articles:
Data section
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | TZA |
| Country | Tanzania |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2016 |
| Publ. year | 2020 |
| ASM Miners | 1,500,000 |
| - gold | 1 ,000 ,000 |
| Data curation | as reported |
| Inc. DevMin | some |
| - min. | 1,000,000 |
| - max. | 1,700,000 |
| - female | 375 ,000 |
| ASM Commodities | gemstone, gold, diamond, salt |