Artisanalmining.org - ASM Database country

country:afghanistan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:17:30+00:00

Afghanistan ASM Population: 80,000 Estimations from own field work (2008-2016) appear to be the most recent data: -> 80,000. Min/max: +/-10% apprears reasonable, i.e. +/- 10,000. Female participation is most likely to be none: 0 Gold: 5,000 according to 2016 estimation

country:albania

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-08-31T13:35:54+00:00

Albania ASM Population: 6,000 Baseline study on chromite in 2009 (ALB-2009a) reported 700 miners employed by approx 50 formal ASM/SSM chromite companies in Batra-Bulquiza. According to EITI 2020 the number of number of medium, small-scale mining and quarry companies is increasing. Deducting from EITI data, roughly 400 operative ASM/SSM licenses appear to exist. With the factor of 10+ miners per mine as per the 2009 study, this suggests approx. 5,000 formal ASM/SSM miners in all commodities. Ad…

country:algeria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:10:32+00:00

Algeria ASM Population: 7,000 UBC-14 data is only statistically calculated. Recent news articles confirm widespread “gold digging”. Due to lack of other data, the estimation of 7,000 remains the best available guess. Min/max: +/- 1,000 appears reasonable

country:american_samoa

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:05:31+00:00

American Samoa ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:andorra

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:46:34+00:00

Andorra ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:angola

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:13:56+00:00

Angola ASM Population: 250,000 332 MUSD diamond production from registered/licensed artisanal miners in 2013 (AMDC-17) at a GNI per capita of 3,370 suggests 100,000 formal miners; including informal miners probably 200,000 in diamond. Additionally, UBC-14 calculated more than 200,000 gold miners, but this seems quite high.

country:antigua_and_barbuda

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:47:23+00:00

Antigua and Barbuda ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:argentina

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:18:06+00:00

Argentina ASM Population: 6,000 Argentina seems to be not a ASM hotspot. By default the estimation from 1999 is protracted and rounded to full thousands: 6,000. Max/min: Without newer data, uncertainty is very high. It seems reasonable to believe that the number of miners is somewhere

country:armenia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:18:10+00:00

Armenia ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: 2019: : “There is no artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Republic of Armenia”

country:aruba

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:16:00+00:00

Aruba ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:australia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:18:22+00:00

Australia ASM Population: 100 Most likely at least 100. Probably much more. Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:austria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:47:08+00:00

Austria ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:azerbaijan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:20:56+00:00

Azerbaijan ASM Population: Existing According to MIA 2018 “highly probable that these traditions continue ” Data sources for estimation None known Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:bahamas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T02:21:55+00:00

Bahamas ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:bahrain

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T02:22:20+00:00

Bahrain ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:bangladesh

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:22:07+00:00

Bangladesh ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:barbados

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T16:52:04+00:00

Barbados ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:belarus

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:48:05+00:00

Belarus ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:belgium

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:06:04+00:00

Belgium ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:belize

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:18:52+00:00

Belize ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:benin

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:23:32+00:00

Benin ASM Population: 15,000 Only data is from UBC-14. -> 15,000 Min/max: conservatively estimated as +/- 5,000 Female participation: could be potentially 30% as data is only for gold Gold: All data is for gold Data sources for estimation 2014: 15,000

country:bermuda

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T02:23:37+00:00

Bermuda ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:bhutan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:06:19+00:00

Bhutan ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:bolivia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T13:54:25+00:00

Bolivia ASM Population: 230,000 Rationale: As according to GEF-21 ASGM alone employs 200,000 miners, the best guess for the total is 230,000 (including tin, base metals, etc.) Min/max: Country appears to be well assessed, min/max is therefore set to approx. 5% i.e.

country:bosnia_and_herzegovina

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T13:55:07+00:00

Bosnia and Herzegovina ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:botswana

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:19:14+00:00

Botswana ASM Population: 15,000 Only data is from UBC-14. -> 15,000 Min/max: conservatively estimated as +/- 5,000 Female participation: could be potentially 30% as data is only for gold Gold: All data is for gold Data sources for estimation

country:brazil

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:24:31+00:00

Brazil ASM Population: 850,000 Although based on statistic modelling, data from UBC-14 appear the most relistic. Rounded to closest 50,000. -> 850,000 As other data differ widely, uncertainty is high and variation is estimated high at 25% (+/- 200,000

country:brunei_darussalam

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:26:11+00:00

Brunei Darussalam ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:bulgaria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T13:56:44+00:00

Bulgaria ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:burkina_faso

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T13:59:38+00:00

Burkina Faso ASM Population: 1,000,000 AMDC-17 assessment appears to be well researched. However, as Burkina Faso is not known for many other minerals than gold, the estimate probably includes development minerals. -> 1,000,000 Min/Max: A range of +/- 10% is reasonable

country:burundi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:33:55+00:00

Burundi ASM Population: 60,000 Only recent data is from UBC-14: 91,000 but this seems high for 1,3 t/a. There is also a (small) 3T production. Best guess -> 60,000 Min/max: conservatively estimated as +20,000 / -10,000 Female participation: could be potentially 30%

country:cabo_verde

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:26:26+00:00

Cabo Verde ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:cambodia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:31:21+00:00

Cambodia ASM Population: 6,000 Only 1 quantitative data (misquoted, therefore data year unknown) found. Probably widely underestimated Existing according to qualitative video evidence (see below) Data sources for estimation 2017: 6,000 Steckling et al. (

country:cameroon

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:26:12+00:00

Cameroon ASM Population: 44,000 Only data is from UBC-14. -> 44,000 Min/max: conservatively estimated as +/- ~5,000 -> 40-50,000 Female participation: could be potentially 30% as typical in African ASGM -> 13,000 Gold: All data is for gold Data sources for estimation

country:canada

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-24T23:39:21+00:00

Canada ASM Population: 700 Estimate: ASM is confirmed to be ongoing by approximately 650 small-scale placer miners in the Yukon territory since the Klondike gold rush in the 19th century. Rounded to full 100's: -> 700. Max/min: According to the report of C.Johnson et.al, the ASM population in the Yukon territory is quite stable. This would suggest a range between 600 and 700. However, given that the original data source is from 2015, the rise of the gold price over the past decade, and the po…

country:cayman_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:06:39+00:00

Cayman Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:central_african_republic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:26:52+00:00

Central African Republic ASM Population: 450,000 350,000 diamond miners (AMDC-17) plus “significant” gold miners (calculated by UBC-14 as 291,000, but probably a little high for the production volume) suggests an estimate of -> 450,000 Min/max: conservatively between HIL-16 and UBC-14+AMDC-17:

country:chad

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:28:20+00:00

Chad ASM Population: 300,000 Total: Data from UNECA (2018) appear to be the most reliable, as they align with the surge of ASGM in neighboring countries of the Sahara region -> 300,000 Min/max: no data. A range of +/-10% appears reasonable -> 270,000 - 330,000

country:channel_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:26:59+00:00

Channel Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:chile

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:29:46+00:00

Chile ASM Population: 70,000 Recent data (CHL-2021a) indicates 50,000 direct and indirect workers in small mining (SM), plus a variable number (11,500 - 50,000) of artisanal miners (AM). This suggests a total of approx. 70,000 Min/max: Taking the 50,000 SM as basis, with a variation of 10-50,000 AM, a range of

country:china

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:06:56+00:00

China ASM Population: 9,000,000 Estimation follows data from MMSD-03 -> 9,000,000. Min/max: following MMSD-03, but with minimum set higher at 7M which seems more realistic than 3M. -> 7-15 million Female participation: no data. +25% does not appear unrealistic for China.

country:colombia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-11-24T15:19:21+00:00

Colombia ASM Population: 600,000 re. COL-2014a: The 314,000 seems to be on the low side, while the 2,000,000 might be exagerated. Reality might be somewhere in between. UBC-14 calculated 268,000-418,000 for gold, whereby ASGM has recently increased significantly along the gold price. As ASM also mines gemstones, coal and other minerals, an estimated total of

country:comoros

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:27:55+00:00

Comoros ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:congo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:20:34+00:00

Congo ASM Population: 5,000 Data (GEF-21) quite recent from trustworthy source and therefore believed to be reliable -> 5,000 Min/max: data considered as accurate, range +/- 1,000 Female participation: no data. Could be 30% like DRC 1,500? Gold:

country:congo_drc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:20:38+00:00

Congo DRC ASM Population: 2,000,000 Estimation of 2,000,000 from CASM-07, republished by IIED-13 and ARM-18, appear still most coherent with current hearsay. Min/max: 2,910,000 from UBC-14 appear somewhat exagerated. A range of +500,000/-200,000 seems reasonable, given the intransparent situation of ASM in the DRC.

country:costa_rica

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T13:57:29+00:00

Costa Rica ASM Population: 1,200 Total: according to 2017 publication by MINAE/DIGECA (mainly based on 2012 data for Abangares) -> 1,200 Min/max: As the most recent data is from 2012 and and only for the Abangares region, current numbers (due to 2022 gold price) might be significant higher

country:cote_d_ivoire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-02-11T22:05:58+00:00

cote_d_ivoire

country:country

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-03-01T00:40:14+00:00

See data on map Countries - ASM status, ASM miners and ASM commodities mined Regions AM Americas * AM-N North America * AM-LAC Latin America and the Caribbean * AM-LAC-ca LAC Caribbean * AM-LAC-mi LAC Central America * AM-LAC-sa LAC South America

country:croatia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:34:12+00:00

Croatia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:cuba

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:35:03+00:00

Cuba ASM Population: 6,000 No more recent data than ILO-99. As not a gold producer, only small but no significant increase to be expected. Perhaps salt and industrial minerals. -> 6,000 Min/max: High uncertainty. -> 5,000 - 10,000 Female participation: no data. perhaps

country:curacao

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:36:07+00:00

Curacao ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:cyprus

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:07:11+00:00

Cyprus ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:cyprus_north

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:38:18+00:00

Cyprus North ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:czech_republic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:38:55+00:00

Czech Republic ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:denmark

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:28:21+00:00

Denmark ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:djibouti

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:40:12+00:00

Djibouti ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:dominica

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:20:58+00:00

Dominica ASM Population: 200 No more recent data than ILO-99. Total is arbitrarily set to 200 (as minimum units are “hundreds”) Min/max: no data. Arbitrarily set to 100-400 Female participation: no data. Arbitrarily set to 0 Gold: no data. Arbitrarily set to

country:dominican_republic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:21:02+00:00

Dominican Republic ASM Population: 5,000 Total: DOM-2014a suggests that ASM activity has increased since ILO-99, extracting semi-precious larimar, amber and gold. The 2,500 from 1999 may have doubled. -> 5,000 Min/max: Min cound be 3,000 like in 1999, max could be same difference to upwards (+2,000)? (as per intensified activity suggested in DOM-2014a.)

country:ecuador

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:41:06+00:00

Ecuador ASM Population: 150,000 Total estimated based on recent ECU-2020a, or more precisely its below interpretation. Only comprises gold, but this is the main ASM commodity in Ecuador. --> 150,000 Min/max: ECU-2020a is recent and above total aligns well with earlier estimations, therefore low variation of

country:egypt

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:42:13+00:00

Egypt ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:el_salvador

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:33:45+00:00

El Salvador ASM Population: 2,000 Note: By Decree No. 639, PROHIBITION LAW OF METALLIC MINING, of March 29, 2017, published in the Official Gazette No. 66, Volume No. 415 of April 4, 2017, metal mining was prohibited. Consequently no data or research on the number of ASM miners was found. In the Minamata Convention report 2021 (

country:equatorial_guinea

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:21:24+00:00

Equatorial Guinea ASM Population: 15,000 UBC-14 data is only statistically calculated, but due to lack of other data, the estimation of 15,000 remains the best available guess. Min/max: large range of + 3,000 /- 5,000 appears reasonable as data has low certainty. Shifted towards the lower side, because of low population of only 1.3 million

country:eritrea

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:21:28+00:00

Eritrea ASM Population: 400,000 No newer data than (HIL-16) found. -> 400,000 Min/max: Due to uncertainty of source a broader range of +50,000 / -100,000 appears reasonable Female participation: no data. 35% in neighbouring Ethiopia. As ~50% is islamic perhaps lower. 20%?

country:estonia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:44:14+00:00

Estonia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:ethiopia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:34:23+00:00

Ethiopia ASM Population: 1,260,000 Estimation follows most comprehensive data from ETH-2016a -> 1,260,000 Min/max: ETH-2016a data seems well researched. As gold prices are continuously rising, max could now be even higher. -> Range: 1.2 - 1.4 million

country:falkland_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:46:43+00:00

Falkland Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:faroe_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:07:42+00:00

Faroe Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:fiji

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:21:44+00:00

Fiji ASM Population: Not quantified Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: : “Of the 68 active mineral extraction sites in Fiji: 43 are river gravel/sand dredging sites, 23 are quarries, and just two are for high-value minerals (1 gold and 1 bauxite).

country:finland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:07:55+00:00

Finland ASM Population: 3,100 Gold mining technology as seen on Youtube videos is typical for the small-scale segment of ASM. The Gold Prospectors Association reports 3,100 members. Min/max: As not all association members might be active, min might be

country:france

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-30T13:42:33+00:00

France ASM Population in French Guyana: 8,500 (Note: French Guyana is an overseas department/region of France, fully integrated in the French Republic) Recent information from Heemskerk is primary field data and reflects situation in 2024: 8,500

country:france_-_french_guyana

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:08:24+00:00

France - French Guyana ASM Population: 7,000 See: France

country:france_-_french_southern_and_antarctic_lands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:24:50+00:00

France - French Southern and Antarctic Lands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:france_-_new_caledonia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:25:12+00:00

France - New Caledonia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:french_polynesia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:08:39+00:00

French Polynesia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:gabon

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-10T23:58:12+00:00

Gabon ASM Population: 5,000 Widely diverging numbers (comments at 2014 and 2019 numbers!). UNIDO 2019 and Hollestelle 2012 make sense. Perhaps a Min/max range of 3,000 - 10,000 with an average total of 5,000 could be an informed best guess. Female participation: no data. perhaps 20%?

country:gambia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:05:06+00:00

Gambia ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:georgia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:07:09+00:00

Georgia ASM Population: Existing ASGM existing in Swaneti Data sources for estimation Video (see below) Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:germany

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:08:14+00:00

Germany ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:ghana

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:09:18+00:00

Ghana ASM Population: 1,200,000 Min/Max/Total: DELVE-19 protracts data from HIL-16, but (reported?) gold production has significantly increased (from 4.1 tons in 2014 to 65 tons in 2021), 1,100,000 is considered as MIN, with MAX extrapolated as 1,300,000

country:greece

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:11:05+00:00

Greece ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:greenland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:34:45+00:00

Greenland ASM Population: Existing Data sources for estimation Hearsay Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:grenada

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:09:02+00:00

Grenada ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:guam

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:16:07+00:00

Guam ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:guatemala

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:22:24+00:00

guatemala

country:guinea-bissau

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:35:00+00:00

Guinea Bissau ASM Population: 7,000 UBC-14 data is only statistically calculated but due to lack of other data, still the best available guess -> 7,000 . Min/max: +/- 2,000 appears reasonable, as no primary data are available -> 5,000 - 9,000 Female participation: no data. Perhaps

country:guinea

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:18:23+00:00

Guinea ASM Population: 350,000 Published data is in the range of 250-300,000 ASM miners, with UBC-16 calculation 250,000 for gold only. The UNECA Country profile reports USD 300 million ASM gold production value in 2016, equivalent to 350,000 GNIs (gross national incomes). Similarly, a diamond export value of USD 36 million is equivalent to 42,000 GNIs. Totaling 392,000 GNIs. Given predominantly manual ASM work, not more than 10% of the production value might be spent on consumables, resulting…

country:guyana

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:10:08+00:00

Guyana ASM Population: 23,000 DELVE-19, the most recent report, is considered reliable (being plausibly aligned with earlier estimations) -> 23,000 Min/max: also following DELVE-19 -> 10,000 - 35,000 Female participation: no data. As ASM is mainly mechanized small-scale alluvial mining in the

country:haiti

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:22:50+00:00

Haiti ASM Population: 4,500 Except of ILO-99, no more recent data available. Media articles can be found, according to which clandestine artisanal mining - which is illegal - continues. -> 4,500 Min/max: no data. Uncertainty high. -> +/-2,000? Female participation: no data. Assuming 10% as best guess working hypothesis.

country:honduras

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:22:21+00:00

Honduras ASM Population: 3,000 Total: GEF-21 is current and the only available data -> ~3,000 Min/max: As value for [gold produced / ASGM miners = 1800/3000=0.6 kg/miner per year ~ >20.000 USD/a] in GEF-21 is very high (approx 10 * GNI), possible maximum is assumed three times the estimated number of miners.

country:hong_kong

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:58:55+00:00

Hong Kong ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:hungary

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:10:22+00:00

Hungary ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:iceland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:38:51+00:00

Iceland ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:india

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:36:03+00:00

India ASM Population: 15,000,000 • Most reliable estimation, although partly protracking legacy data is per DELVE-19: 15,000,000 miners. • Min/max: DELVE-19 mentions the 15M as “lowest figure” and that “figures are unreliable”. Therefore

country:indonesia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:23:48+00:00

Indonesia ASM Population: 3,600,000 Recent assessment IDN-2020a appears coherent. -> 3,600,000 Min/Max variation can be set very low, because assessment is recent. +/- 100,000 (~3%) Female participation: 10% i.e. 360,000 Gold: ~1/4 of total miners in 2015; extrapolated to now

country:iran

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:23:22+00:00

Iran

country:iraq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:10:39+00:00

Iraq ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:ireland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:10:53+00:00

Ireland ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:isle_of_man

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:29:40+00:00

Isle of Man ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:israel

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:11:07+00:00

Israel ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:italy

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:11:21+00:00

Italy ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:ivory_coast

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:23:30+00:00

Ivory Coast ASM Population: 500,000 Total according to speech of Minister at OECD Forum 2017 (seems plausible for a population of 25 million) -> 500,000 Min/max: Total appears to be at upper end of range (MAX). MIN might be between total and HIL-16

country:jamaica

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:23:34+00:00

Jamaica ASM Population: 1,500 Except of ILO-99, no more recent data available. -> 1,500 Min/max: no data. Uncertainty high. -> +/-1,000? Female participation: no data. assuming ~10% as best guess. -> 200? Gold: gold exists in Jamaica. Unknown if mined by ASM but likely. Perhaps also other minerals for domestic use?. Guess:

country:japan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:39:24+00:00

Japan ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:jordan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:11:58+00:00

Jordan ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:kazakhstan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:43:59+00:00

Kazakhstan ASM Population: Existing ASM gold mining exists. Data sources for estimation Videos as evidence (see below) The News-video reports that “Illegal gold mining is carried out in ten districts of East Kazakhstan region” (В десяти районах ВКО вели нелегальную добычу золота).

country:kenya

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-14T00:15:16+00:00

Kenya ASM Population: 140,000 ARM-18 is most recent source believed reliable. -> 140,000 Min/max: Total is recent and based on primary data. Low variation expected +/- 7% -> 130,000 - 150,000 Female participation: Overall likely close to 30% ->

country:kiribati

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:31:04+00:00

Kiribati ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:korea

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:49:29+00:00

Korea ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:korea_dr

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:40:40+00:00

Korea DR ASM Population: Most likely none that would fit any ASM definition Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:kosovo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:41:30+00:00

Kosovo ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:kuwait

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:41:42+00:00

Kuwait ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:kyrgyzstan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:26:53+00:00

Kyrgyzstan ASM Population: 6,000 (KGZ-2004a) is the only data source. Outdated but primary data. -> 6,000 Min/max: (KGZ-2004a) indicates that the number of small-scale miners is increasing year by year. It could have doubled in the past 2 decades.

country:lao_pdr

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:28:27+00:00

Lao PDR ASM Population: 41,000 Average of (LAO-2018a) -> 41,000 Min/max: in (LAO-2018a) indicated as 15,000 - 50,000 Female participation: between 50 per cent and 80 per cent in non-mechanised ASM -> 50% of all ASM -> 20,000 Gold: no data, but might be about 50%

country:latvia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:42:23+00:00

Latvia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:lebanon

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:35:22+00:00

Lebanon ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:lesotho

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:23:54+00:00

Lesotho ASM Population: Not quantified Data sources for estimation None known Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:liberia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:44:27+00:00

Liberia ASM Population: 200,000 (LBR-2021a) is the most recent publication, but draws mainly on data from 2015. The quoted LEITI report indicates 100,000 miners + 500,000 diggers. As diggers might be part-time, a reasonable estimate appreas to be ->

country:libya

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:30:02+00:00

Libya ASM Population: 7,000 Total: The only original data source is UBC-14: 7,000 Min/max: High uncertainty of data, as no field-based assessment is documented and the effects of armed conflicts are unknown. -> 1,000 - 10,000 Female participation: Being an islamic country affected by armed conflict, female participation is highly unlikely.

country:liechtenstein

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:43:33+00:00

Liechtenstein ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:lithuania

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:45:03+00:00

Lithuania ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:luxembourg

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:45:24+00:00

Luxembourg ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:macao

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:36:50+00:00

Macao ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:macedonia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:46:09+00:00

Macedonia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:madagascar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:46:42+00:00

Madagascar ASM Population: 700,000 Total: Considering 600,000 gold miners as per GEF-21 (and up to 630,000 according to 2018 data) and taking into account the additional important gemstone mining, total ASM pupulation can be reasonably estimated as

country:malawi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T02:21:54+00:00

Malawi ASM Population: 60,000 Total: Estimation of 40,000 is replicated in all publications since 2003. It is highly likely that at least the number of ASGM miners has increased along with the gold price, as in practically all other countries. As a conservative extrapolation a current total of

country:malaysia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:32:20+00:00

Malaysia ASM Population: 4,600 Total: data from ILO-99 replicated in all publications since. No new data available. As Malaysia is an upper medium income country, ASGM population may not have increased like in other countries; perhaps even decreased?

country:maldives

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:12:15+00:00

Maldives ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:mali

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:24:34+00:00

Mali ASM Population: 500,000 Total: Latest data is from Hilson 2016, although a higher number was reported by Hilson in 2015 quoted in ARM-18. -> 500,000 Min/max: Hilson 2015 indicates “at least 500,000”, therefore population could be higher. But ASM population could also have decreased due to armed conflict.

country:malta

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:47:03+00:00

Malta ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:marshall_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:48:28+00:00

Marshall Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:mauritania

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:24:38+00:00

Mauritania ASM Population: 10,000 Total: Reported at IGF meeting in 2017: 10,000 Min/max: 2017 reported as a gold rush, it could therefore now be higher or lower -> 5,000 - 15,000 Female participation: no data. Unlikely in an ismamic country ->

country:mauritius

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:12:56+00:00

Mauritius ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:mexico

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:24:42+00:00

Mexico ASM Population: 56,000 Total: Latest estimation (although statistically calculated) from UBC-14 indicates 56,000 Min/max: Possibly between upper limit of ILO-99 as minimum and same interval (+15,000) as max. -> 40,000 - 70,000 Female participation: no data. Assuming 10%? as best guess

country:micronesia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:40:54+00:00

Micronesia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:moldova

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:13:10+00:00

Moldova ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:monaco

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:13:26+00:00

Monaco ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:mongolia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:33:58+00:00

Mongolia ASM Population: 70,000 Total: The opinion of well-informed SAM project staff member still seems the most reliable estimation. It is considered rather unlikely that the number of miners has decreased since. -> 70,000 Min/max: Taking DELVE-19 as minimum. Considering additional 10,000 miners in other commodities than gold, such as development minerals

country:montenegro

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:50:30+00:00

Montenegro ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:morocco

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:34:46+00:00

Morocco ASM Population: 100,000 Total: Most recent and most reliable appears the personal information from MM (2017): 100,000. Min/max: Certainty is however low. Minimum is estimated according to UBC-14 data (73,000), Maximum according to MM (2017) estimations (150,000).

country:mozambique

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-14T00:31:16+00:00

Mozambique ASM Population: 640,000 Total: Interpretation of the excellent and very detailed census MOZ-2022a: As min and max have a different scope (just mining vs. including supply chain) a value “in between” is considered a valid interpretation, compatible with estimates from other countries. A value slightly above the arithmetic average of min/max is taken, to account for provinces that were not accessible, and because the overall scope of the census was only artisanal mining, not including…

country:myanmar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:37:09+00:00

Myanmar ASM Population: 525,000 Excellent and recent data from Pact (MMR-2019a): Total: 521,000 + adding 4,000 for artisanal oil drilling not covered in MMR-2019a -> 525,000 Min/max: 271,000 - 1,228,000 Female participation: 10% -> 52,000 Gold:

country:namibia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-24T01:46:17+00:00

Namibia ASM Population: 20,000 Total: Based on secondary data estimation of IGF-18 -> 20,000 Min/max: as per IGF-18 -> 10,000 - 30,000 Female participation: no data. With gemstones being the main ASM commodity there are less job opportunities in mineral processing, such as in ASGM. Possibly in the range of 10%

country:nepal

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-14T00:15:49+00:00

Nepal ASM Population: 120,000 Total: based on the 2008 estimation by Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt, replicated in (IIED-13): 120,000 Min/max: no data that would allow an estimation -> 120,000 - 120,000 Female participation: 33% according to data mentioned by Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt (

country:netherlands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:51:25+00:00

Netherlands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:new_caledonia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:51:41+00:00

New Caledonia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:new_zealand

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:51:57+00:00

New Zealand ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:nicaragua

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:25:22+00:00

Nicaragua ASM Population: 30,000 Total: according to 2017 data: 30,000 Min/max: variation downwards may be low, upwards somewhat higher -> 25,000 - 40,000 Female participation: possibly in the range of 20% - 30% -> 7,000 Gold: No reports of other minerals than gold extarcted by ASM

country:niger

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:25:26+00:00

Niger ASM Population: 600,000 Total: ASM populataion numbers in 1999 (440,000) and 2016 (450,000) are inconsistent as no growth is unlikely. Most likely 1999 is overestimated and 2016 underestimated not taking into account the ongoing gold rush. Given the 2021 estimates of CEDEAO it appears reasonable to raise the estimation to at least

country:nigeria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:38:56+00:00

Nigeria ASM Population: 1,000,000 Estimations from 2016-2021 appear coherent: 1,000,000 total and 500,000 gold. Therefore min/max variation is estimated low at 5% (+/-50,000). Female participation: Probably low in the islamic North but higher in the christian South: conservative estimation:

country:northern_mariana_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:41:20+00:00

Northern Mariana Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:norway

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:41:26+00:00

Norway ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:oman

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:52:32+00:00

Oman ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:pakistan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:39:50+00:00

Pakistan ASM Population: 515,000 Total: Given that ASM population already was 400,000 in 2013, and IGF-18 indicated up to 500,000 in 2018, it appears reasonable to estimate the ASM population according to UBC-14 with at least 515,000 Min/max: As no recent data is available, uncertainty (mainly upwards) is high. It appears reasonable to estimate

country:palau

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:52:50+00:00

Palau ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:panama

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:53:18+00:00

Panama ASM Population: 5,000 Total: UBC-14 appears exagerated. Most recent IGF data (PAN-2020a) are inconclusive. Best existing estimation is IGF-18: 5,000 Min/max: Most likely data from IGF-18 are underestimated. -> 5,000 - 15,000 Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis:

country:papua_new_guinea

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:40:55+00:00

Papua New Guinea ASM Population:75,000 Total: Most recent data (IGF-18) is plausible within the time series, but probably rather at the lower side. -> 75,000 Min/max: Taking IIED-13 and UBC-14 into account: 60,000 - 110,000 Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis: less than 10%

country:paraguay

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-11-24T15:32:30+00:00

Paraguay ASM Population: Existing (not quantified) Data sources for estimation 2017: 6,000 Personal communication by Carl Arco: 500 gold, 5,000 clay Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:peru

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:53:34+00:00

Peru ASM Population: 100,000 Total: Following DELVE-19 -> 100,000 Min/max: Considering current gold prices, min is unlikely to be significantly lower than above total. According to SPDA-14 max could be in the range of 150,000 -> 95,000 - 150,000

country:philippines

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:25:56+00:00

Philippines ASM Population: 400,000 Total: 2020 data from AGC apprears plausible -> 400,000 Min/max: Same as above -> 300,000 - 500,000 Female participation: According to “the percentage of women working at ASGM sites ranges from 10% to 30% of the workforce

country:poland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-24T15:05:09+00:00

Poland ASM Population: Existing Existing ASM coal mining according to qualitative evidence: e.g. Video report by The New York Times (see below) Data sources for estimation 2014: Video report by The New York Times Publications Nothing found Further Materials

country:portugal

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:54:24+00:00

Portugal ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:puerto_rico

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:54:58+00:00

Puerto Rico ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:qatar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:55:17+00:00

Qatar ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:romania

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:03:20+00:00

Romania ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:russia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:26:04+00:00

Russia ASM Population: Existing gematone ASM qualitative video evidence (see below) Data sources for estimation Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:rwanda

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:42:44+00:00

Rwanda ASM Population: 65,000 Total: As per ARM-18 -> 65,000 Min/max: Data in ARM-18 based on field work, therefore low uncertainty -> 60,000 - 70,000 Female participation: commonly in the range of 20-25% -> 15,000 Gold: Extraction of 3T and Tungsten is predominant. Gold to a minor extent, possibly ~10%

country:samoa

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:13:53+00:00

Samoa ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: : “There is no ASGM in Samoa.”

country:san_marino

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:55:38+00:00

San Marino ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:sao_tome_and_principe

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:14:09+00:00

Sao Tome and Principe ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: : “Since there is no ASGM activity in São Tomé and Príncipe, nor is it predictable that there will be, the obligations under the Convention are not applicable.

country:saudi_arabia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-24T15:06:54+00:00

Saudi Arabia ASM Population: 10,000 Total: 10,000 Min/max: Variation unknown. Possibly 8,000 - 12,000 Female participation: 0 Gold: 10,000 Data sources for estimation 2019: 10,000 Personal communications with officer of the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources.

country:senegal

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:43:57+00:00

Senegal ASM Population: 67,000 Total: Most reliable field based data from 2017: 67,000 Min/max: no data. Best guess: 60,000 - 75,000 Female participation: Data from 2021 sugests 50% -> 34,000 Gold: presumingla all data is for ASGM. -> 67,000 Data sources for estimation

country:serbia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:14:22+00:00

Serbia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:seychelles

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:16+00:00

Seychelles ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:sierra_leone

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:44:48+00:00

Sierra Leone ASM Population: 350,000 Total and Min/max: Published estimates and official figures coincide, indicating at least 300,000 ASM miners. Supposedly, these numbers refer mainly to gold and diamond mining and do not include ASM on the “some coltan and zircon

country:singapore

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:20+00:00

Singapore ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:sint_maarten

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:56:35+00:00

Sint Maarten ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:slovak_republic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:14:38+00:00

Slovak Republic ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:slovenia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:30+00:00

Slovenia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:socioeconomic_country_data

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-03-01T00:41:31+00:00

Socio-economic country data Data sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators: (Dataset SP.POP.TOTL, SP.RUR.TOTL, NY.GNP.PCAP.CD for 2020) Github, Luke Duncalfe: Github, Michael Hodge: CountryCountry codeRegionRegion (WB)Total population

country:solomon_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:26:30+00:00

Solomon Islands ASM Population: Not quantified Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: : “Around 200 people in Solomon Islands have set up camps in the pits at the closed Gold Ridge mine on Guadalcanal and have taken over gold production at the site.

country:somalia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-14T00:50:03+00:00

Somalia (including Somaliland, internationally recognized as part of Somalia) ASM Population: 15,000 Total: no newer or other data than UBC-14 -> 15,000 Min/max: 15,000 - 15,000 Female participation: no data -> 0 Gold: All data is for ASGM ->

country:somaliland_somalia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-14T00:48:22+00:00

Somaliland Somalia See Somalia Document to process:

country:south_africa

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-24T01:49:51+00:00

South Africa ASM Population: 30,000 Total: Latest data (IGF-18 after HIL-16 is 20,000. but it is not clear whether this includes the large number of Zama-Zama miners. A total closer to UBC-14 is considered mor realistic -> 30,000. Min/max: UBC-14 data as max

country:south_sudan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:48:22+00:00

South Sudan ASM Population: 200,000 Total: Most recent and only data from HIL-16 -> 200,000 Min/max: unknown. Certainty low, as no other sources are available +/- 50% -> 100,000 - 300,000 Female participation: no data. Regular according to fotos seen on the web (~30%)

country:spain

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:34+00:00

Spain ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:sri_lanka

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:48:54+00:00

Sri Lanka ASM Population: 165,000 Total: Most recent (old) and only source is IIED-13 -> 165,000 Min/max: unknown. Certainty low, as no other sources are available +/- ~50% -> 90,000 - 240,000 Female participation: no data. Image search for Sri Lanka sapphire mines shows no women. But no religios barriers. Working hypothesis ~15%

country:st._kitts_and_nevis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:36+00:00

St. Kitts and Nevis ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:st._lucia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:40+00:00

St. Lucia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:st._martin

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:44+00:00

St. Martin ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:st._vincent_and_the_grenadines

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:42:48+00:00

St. Vincent and the Grenadines ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:sudan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:26:56+00:00

Sudan ASM Population: 1,400,000 Total: Number of up to 2 million ASGM miners are reported, but may be over-estimations for a total population of ~40 million. Given the ongoing gold rush, estimates of 300,000 as by IGF-18 appear to be under-estimations. Some number between 800,000 (average minimum of ARM-18 and IGF-18) and 2,000,000 is believed to be reasonable

country:suriname

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:27:00+00:00

Suriname ASM Population: 35,000 Total: GEF-21 estimations appear low (but possibly only for gold), because numbers of up to 20,000 were already reported in ILO-99 and gold mining has certainly increased in the past two decades! Using 3rd quartile of range as estimation

country:swaziland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-03T22:43:28+00:00

Swaziland ASM Population: Not quantified Data sources for estimation None known Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:sweden

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:18:25+00:00

Sweden ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:switzerland

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:18:41+00:00

Switzerland ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:syria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:19:09+00:00

Syria ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:taiwan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:09:58+00:00

Taiwan

country:tajikistan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:49:37+00:00

Tajikistan ASM Population: Existing ASM gold mining exists. Data sources for estimation Video (see below) Additionally: At the Afghan side of the Samti river, ASGM exists. It would be surprising if it would not also exist on the Tajik side. Publications

country:tanzania

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:50:12+00:00

Tanzania ASM Population: 1,500,000 Total: ASM population of 1.5 million (upper range of estimates) appears reasonable when including development minerals. -> 1,500,000 Min/Max: Lower range estimates are 1 million. Upper might exceed the 1.5 million.

country:thailand

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:51:04+00:00

Thailand ASM Population: 20,000 Total: ASM appears to be mostly extracting gemstones. Therefore it may be possible that ASM popultation has not increased since ILO-99. -> 20,000 Min/max: As data is quite old, uncertainty is high. A range of +/-50% is believed reasonable.

country:timor-leste

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:43:04+00:00

Timor Leste ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:togo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:52:20+00:00

Togo ASM Population: 17,500 Total: limited data, mainly based on UBC-14 statistic modelling. Adopting data of IGF-18 -> 17,500 Min/max: as above -> 15,000 - 20,000 Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis 20% as typical in equatorial Africa

country:tonga

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:19:24+00:00

Tonga ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:trinidad_and_tobago

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:09:37+00:00

Trinidad and Tobago ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:tunisia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:19:37+00:00

Tunisia ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:turkey

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T00:56:05+00:00

Turkey ASM Population not quantified Data sources for estimation None so far. Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles: Data section

country:turkmenistan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:54:13+00:00

Turkmenistan ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:turks_and_caicos_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-03-15T17:43:18+00:00

Turks and Caicos Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:tuvalu

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:19:57+00:00

Tuvalu ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:uganda

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:27:44+00:00

Uganda ASM Population: 300,000 Total: As ARM-18 is based on a country case study, 300,000 total is considered reliable. Min/max: is therefore estimated at approx. 5%, i.e. +/- 15,000. Female ASM population: was estimeted by ARM-18 at 40%, i.e. 120,000

country:ukraine

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:27:48+00:00

Ukraine ASM Population: existing ASM existing according to video evidence (see below). Minerals mined by ASM: coal, amber Data sources for estimation Video evidence Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:united_arab_emirates

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:09:04+00:00

United Arab Emirates ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:united_kingdom

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:52:42+00:00

United Kingdom ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:united_states

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T01:04:46+00:00

United States ASM Population: Existing Vast community of “recreational gold miners”. Most likely many of them mine for a living. Data sources for estimation No data Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:uruguay

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:52:29+00:00

Uruguay ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:uzbekistan

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-01T23:52:09+00:00

Uzbekistan ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications ReferenceYearCitationArchived CopyLinkGMA-182018UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.

country:vanuatu

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:08:46+00:00

Vanuatu ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:venezuela

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:28:00+00:00

Venezuela ASM Population: 300,000 Total: Given the situation in Venezuela, estimations based on historic/statistic data, such as UBC-14 or IGF-18, are not anymore reliable. Investigative journalism data, 6 times as high, such as reported by Reuters in 2019 are believed to be more close to the reality

country:vietnam

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:28:04+00:00

Vietnam ASM Population: 55,000 Total: IGF-18, mainly based on UBC-14, and most likely extrapolating ILO-99 are the most recent data. -> 55,000 Min/max: As data appears to be based on old estimates, uncertainty is considered high, particularly on the upwards side.

country:virgin_islands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-02T00:05:34+00:00

Virgin Islands ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:western_sahara

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:20:37+00:00

Western Sahara ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:west_bank_and_gaza

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-02-17T01:20:18+00:00

West Bank and Gaza ASM Population: Most likely none Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:yemen

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-04T02:25:40+00:00

Yemen ASM Population: Most likely some Data sources for estimation None known Publications Nothing found Further Materials Videos: Articles:

country:zambia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-11-11T02:11:44+00:00

Zambia ASM Population: 500,000 Total: Apparently historic/statistic estimates, based on increasing initial estimates of ILO-99, do not take into account “illegal” (i.e. informal) miners. See AMDC-17! Sitting in-between of DRC, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, the AMDC-17 estimate is much more plausible

country:zimbabwe

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-27T01:28:22+00:00

Zimbabwe ASM Population: 1,000,000 Total Population: Often quoted in Zimbabwean news articles is the estimation of 500,000 - 1,500,000 (as in ZWE-2018a). This appears to be more realistic than partly outdated publications. -> 1,000,000 Min/Max: The above estimation has a broad range. This might be partly attributed to uncertainty, but also to the population entering and exiting ASM according to economic constraints.